Tuyên bố chung về Afghanistan

18 tháng 8, 2021

Chúng tôi, những cá nhân và tổ chức kí tên dưới đây, những người đang nỗ lực thúc đẩy quyền của những nhóm đa dạng về xu hướng tính dục, bản dạng giới, thể hiện giới và đặc điểm giới tính (SOGIESC), kêu gọi sự bảo trợ cho những người LGBTIQ và những nhóm người yếu thế khác ở Afghanistan. 

Từ ngày 15 tháng 8, việc Taliban giành được quyền kiểm soát Dinh Tổng thống ở thủ đô Kabul và sự sụp đổ đột ngột của chính phủ Cộng hòa Hồi giáo Afghanistan đã làm dấy lên những lo ngại về các vấn đề quyền con người và sự an toàn của các nhóm yếu thế trong xã hội Afghanistan. Bên cạnh cộng đồng LGBTQI và cộng đồng đa dạng về SOGIESC, phụ nữ, các nhóm tôn giáo thiểu số, phóng viên và những người bảo vệ nhân quyền cũng đang hứng chịu sự đe dọa, đàn áp. Nhiều người trong số họ đang phải lẩn trốn trong sợ hãi. 

Chúng tôi quan ngại về những báo cáo chỉ ra rằng Taliban đã bắt đầu cho thực thi bộ Luật Sharia một cách hà khắc, các báo cáo này cùng đề cập việc hàng triệu phụ nữ và trẻ em đang cảm thấy sợ hãi việc tham gia vào các hoạt động công cộng và đồng thời cũng bị cấm đến trường. Chúng tôi đau buồn khi chứng kiến sự tiến bộ xã hội được xây dựng qua hàng thập kỷ bởi các nhóm phụ nữ có khả năng sẽ bị đảo ngược một cách đột ngột và khủng khiếp. 

Chúng tôi cũng lo sợ rằng người LGBTIQ sẽ bị kết án và truy tố, vì gần đây một số nhà chức trách Taliban tuyên bố rằng án tử hình người đồng tính nam sẽ được khôi phục. Những người LGBTIQ của Afghanistan đã luôn phải sống trong nỗi ám ảnh về bạo lực và giết chóc trong nhiều năm nay, và chúng tôi sợ rằng tình hình sẽ tiếp tục leo thang. 

Trong báo cáo mới đây nhất của ILGA World về Nhà Nước tài trợ Kỳ thị người đồng tính (State-Sponsored Homophobia – 2020), Afghanistan nằm trong trong danh sách các quốc gia  không có sự chắc chắn về mặt pháp lý cho việc xử phạt án tử hình cho hành vi quan hệ tình dục đồng giới. Báo cáo này cũng cập nhật các quy định hình sự hóa “hành vi đồng tính” theo mục 646 của Bộ luật Hình sự năm 2017 của Afghanistan và việc thi hành chúng trong những năm gần đây. 

Mặc dù Taliban đã tuyên bố lệnh “ân xá chung” ở Afghanistan và kêu gọi phụ nữ tham gia vào chính phủ của mình “theo luật Sharia”, điều quan trọng nhất đó là bất kỳ hình thức quản lý nhà nước nào cũng cần phải ủng hộ phụ nữ và người thiểu số, và thực hành dựa trên bằng chứng và quyền con người. Nếu Taliban muốn bao hàm phụ nữ, đầu tiên họ cần phải dừng việc ngăn cấm phụ nữ tiếp cận với cộng đồng, với giáo dục, đồng thời không gây thêm bất kì tổn hại nào đến phụ nữ và các nhóm thiểu số. 

Cuộc khủng hoảng ở Afghanistan đang diễn ra rất phức tạp và khó khăn, nhưng chúng tôi muốn nhắc nhở rằng cộng đồng quốc tế – đặc biệt là những bên đã góp phần tạo ra vấn đề – có nghĩa vụ đạo đức phải giảm bớt căng thẳng của cuộc khủng hoảng chính trị bằng một giải pháp không chỉ ưu tiên quyền tự quyết của người dân Afghanistan, mà còn bảo vệ những người yếu thế trong xã hội khỏi tổn thương và bạo lực.

Chúng tôi kêu gọi những điều sau:

  • Chúng tôi kêu gọi Taliban tôn trọng quyền của mọi người theo Hiến pháp Afghanistan, các công ước quốc tế được ký bởi Afghanistan và các chuẩn mực quốc tế về quyền con người, bất kể xu hướng tính dục, bản dạng giới, thể hiện giới và đặc điểm giới tính của họ.
  • Chúng tôi yêu cầu rằng bất kỳ nỗ lực nào nhằm dập tắt cuộc khủng hoảng chính trị này đều sẽ được thực hiện với sự tham vấn những nhóm người yếu thế ở Afghanistan, bao gồm người LGBTIQ và phụ nữ. Quyền con người của họ không thể bị thỏa hiệp để đổi lấy một thỏa thuận hoà bình chính trị.
  • Chúng tôi kêu gọi cộng đồng quốc tế cung cấp các hỗ trợ nhân đạo khẩn cấp và sự bảo vệ cho tất cả người dân Afghanistan.
  • Chúng tôi kêu gọi các quốc gia mở cửa biên giới và tiếp nhận người tị nạn từ Afghanistan. Chúng tôi tuyên dương sự quyết tâm của Canada trong việc tiếp nhận 20,000 người Afghanistan yếu thế, ưu tiên người LGBTIQ, các nhà lãnh đạo nữ và các nhóm khác, đồng thời kêu gọi các quốc gia khác hành động theo.
  • Chúng tôi kêu gọi tất cả mọi người cùng hợp tác để hỗ trợ Afghanistan trong khả năng của mình. Chúng tôi kêu gọi các cá nhân và hội nhóm chung tay quyên góp, các nhà tài trợ lập quỹ cứu trợ khẩn cấp và các tổ chức giúp đỡ điều hành việc thu hút và phân phối quỹ, chú ý sự thiếu hụt các tổ chức LGBTIQ ở Afghanistan.

Ký kết bởi:

  1. 6Rang (Iranian Lesbian and Transgender Network)
  2. Access Planet Organization
  3. African Trans Network
  4. Aleph Melbourne
  5. All Out
  6. All Women’s Action Society (AWAM)
  7. Alouen
  8. Amnesty International Taiwan Section
  9. Antalya Feminist Kolektif
  10. ASEAN Feminist LBQ Network
  11. ASEAN SOGIE Caucus
  12. Asia Pacific Transgender Network
  13. Asia-Pacific Rainbow Catholics Network
  14. Bangladesh Queer Partnership Platform- EQUAL
  15. Beyond Borders Malaysia
  16. Bisdak Pride, Inc.
  17. Bisexual Alliance Victoria
  18. Boys of Bangladesh (Formerly)
  19. Campaign for Change 
  20. CAN-Myanmar 
  21. CEDAW Committee of Trinidad & Tobago
  22. Centre for Civil and Political Rights
  23. Centre for Independent Journalism (CIJ) Malaysia
  24. COC Netherlands
  25. Community Welfare and Development Fund
  26. Covenants Watch
  27. CPCD Studio
  28. Dawei Probono Lawyer Network
  29. Deaf Rainbow 
  30. Diversity and Solidarity Trust – Sri Lanka 
  31. Diversity Lounge Toyama
  32. Doshisha University 
  33. Edge Effect
  34. ELLY Fukui
  35. Equal Asia Foundation
  36. EQUAL GROUND, Sri Lanka 
  37. GAYa NUSANTARA Foundation
  38. Gays Without Borders
  39. Helem
  40. Human Dignity Trust
  41. Human Rights Defenders World Summit
  42. ICS Center
  43. ILGA Asia
  44. ILGA World
  45. Iloilo Pride Team
  46. Inclusive Bangladesh
  47. International Service for Human Rights
  48. International Women’s Rights Action Watch Asia Pacific
  49. Intersex Asia
  50. Intersex Philippines
  51. isha lisha – Haifa feminist center
  52. Ishikawa Conference for LGBT
  53. Iwate Rainbow Network
  54. J-ALL (Japan Alliance for LGBT Legislation)
  55. JEJAKA
  56. justice for sisters
  57. Kampania Przeciw Homofobii | Campaign Against Homophobia (Poland)
  58. Kanazawa Rainbow Pride
  59. Kaos GL 
  60. Korean Sexual-minority Culture & Rights Center
  61. LakanBini Advocates Pilipinas 
  62. Legal Dignity
  63. Let’s Breakthrough, Inc.
  64. Lezpa
  65. LGBT Centre
  66. LOUD (Lesbians of Undeniable Drive)
  67. LOVE4ONE
  68. M-coalition
  69. MANODIVERSA
  70. Manushya Foundation
  71. Marsa Sexual Health Center
  72. Matimba
  73. Metro Manila Pride 
  74. Midneunfemi
  75. Monsoon Malaysia (MM)
  76. MOSAIC Mena
  77. Movimiento de Integración y Liberación Homosexual (MOVILH)
  78. Mujer-LGBT Organization, Inc
  79. Namibia Diverse Women Association
  80. Nijiiro Diversity
  81. Noboprobhaat 
  82. Nőkért Egyesület (Association for Women), Hungary  
  83. NPO Tokyo Rainbow Pride
  84. Oogachaga
  85. Organization Intersex International-Chinese (Oii-Chinese)
  86. Outrage Magazine
  87. Pacific Human Rights Initiative
  88. Palestinian Working Woman for Development “PWWSD”
  89. Pan Africa ILGA
  90. PELANGI Campaign
  91. Persatuan Sahabat Wanita, Selangor (Friends of Women Organisation, Selangor)
  92. Pioneer Filipino Transgender men Movement
  93. PLACE TOKYO
  94. Planet Ally
  95. PLUHO (People Like Us Hang Out!)
  96. Pride House Tokyo
  97. PROHAM
  98. Proud Futures
  99. PT Foundation
  100. Queer Voices of Bhutan
  101. Queers4Climate 
  102. Rainbow Action Against Sexual-Minority Discrimination
  103. Rainbow Egypt
  104. RainbowJesus (무지개예수)
  105. RFSL (The Swedish Federation for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Intersex Rights)
  106. Sans Tabous
  107. Sayoni
  108. SEED Malaysia
  109. Seoul Human Rights Film Festival in South Korea
  110. SGRainbow
  111. SHARE, center for Sexual rigHts And Reproductive justicE
  112. Sisters in Islam, Malaysia
  113. SOGILAW
  114. SORANIJI HIMEJI
  115. Success Capital Organisation
  116. Swasti
  117. Taiwan Association for Human Rights
  118. Taiwan Equality Campaign
  119. Taiwan Gender Equity Education Association
  120. Taiwan LGBTQ Family Rights Advocacy
  121. Taiwan Tongzhi (LGBTQ+) Hotline Association
  122. The Gay and Lesbian Coalition of Kenya (GALCK)
  123. The Global Center for LGBTI+ Freedom and Education
  124. The Institute for Studies on Society, Economy & Environment – iSEE
  125. Thorne Harbour Health
  126. Together4Change: DAWOOM
  127. Transgender Equality Hong Kong
  128. Transgender Victoria
  129. Transpiration Power
  130. Trikone Australasia Inc
  131. Tufts University
  132. UP Babaylan
  133. Visayas LBTQ Network
  134. Women Against Rape
  135. Women for Women’s Human Rights (WWHR)
  136. Youth Voices Count
  137. にじ♡はぐ　石川
  138. ひだまりの会
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Aisha Mughal is a transgender rights expert working with the Ministry of Human Rights in Pakistan and as a UNDP Consultant. Since 2015, she has been actively advocating for transgender rights. In 2020, she made history as the first transgender person to represent any country during an official UN treaty review, participating in Pakistan’s national delegation to the UN CEDAW committee in Geneva. Aisha has contributed to peer-reviewed research on transgender issues and played a key role in the drafting and approval of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018. She has also served with the National Commission for Human Rights (NCHR) in Pakistan.

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Joyce Teng is the Executive Director of Taiwan Equality Campaign (previously known as “Marriage Equality Coalition Taiwan”.) Before Taiwan Equality Campaign, she participated in some activist groups focusing on different issues like environment protection, women rights and transformational justice since 2010, and served as the Legislative assistant for the parliament of Taiwan between 2013 to 2015, and then dedicated herself to same-sex marriage legalization since 2016.

Joyce holds M.L. of National Taiwan University. With experience in the Parliament and her legal background, Joyce was responsible for the advocacy of LGBTI+ rights policies and legal reform. She advocated for inclusive political participation and representation since 2018, and acted as the Deputy Executive Director of Taiwan Equality Campaign. She then took the position as Executive Director in December 2022, leading Taiwan Equality Campaign on LGBTI+ rights advocacy.

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Yarinda has been deeply involved with ILGA Asia over the years. From 2019 to September 2023, she worked as a Senior Finance and Admin Officer, contributing to the organization’s operational growth. After a brief tenure at APCOM Foundation from October 2023 to August 2024, she rejoined ILGA Asia in a new capacity as Senior Admin and Events Officer, bringing her expertise in logistics, planning, and community engagement.

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With a passion for social justice, she works to enable and uplift marginalized groups, including People Living with HIV (PLHIV), Women Living with HIV (WLHIV), members of the LGBTIQ community, sex workers, People Who Use Drugs (PWUD), and opium farmers. By promoting their rights and advocating for their well-being, she strives to create a more inclusive and equitable society, where every individual’s voice is heard and respected.

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Sean Sih-Cheng Du is the Secretary-General of the Taiwan Tongzhi (LGBTQ+) Hotline Association. He joined Hotline as a volunteer in 2002 and has been since actively involved in the work on LGBTI+ and PLWHIV’s rights. He became Hotline’s Director of Policy Advocacy in 2011 and the Secretary-General in 2021.

His work includes social education, workplace equality, gay men’s sexual health, and international affairs. He was a crucial member of the Marriage Equality Coalition Taiwan and a board member of the Persons with HIV/AIDS Rights Advocacy Association of Taiwan.

He is currently the East Asian Representative of the ILGA Asia Executive Board, a board member of the Taiwan Equality Campaign, and a member of the Taipei City Committee of Gender Equality. He has a master’s degree in Sociology from National Taiwan University.

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Artemis Akbary is the Executive Director of the Afghanistan LGBTIQ+ Organization (ALO), a leading advocacy organization dedicated to the rights of LGBTIQ+ individuals, particularly in conflict and post-conflict settings, with a main focus on Afghanistan. Their work involves engaging with international accountability mechanisms to ensure justice and accountability for LGBTIQ victims and survivors. With extensive experience advocating for LGBTIQ+ refugees at the EU level, Artemis is a recognized voice for marginalized communities. They have also worked as a consultant with various international organizations and NGOs on forced displacement issues. Artemis has addressed global human rights issues at forums such as the UN Human Rights Council, the UN Security Council, and other international platforms. Artemis holds an academic background in International Relations and European Politics, with expertise in Queer, Peace, and Security.

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Founder and executive director of Young Pride Club, Chitsanupong “Best” Nithiwana (she/her) is a human rights defender for the rights of LGBTIQ+ youth and gender equality in Thailand. Absolutely dedicated to her career path, she started out as a public information assistant consultant at the UN headquarters. She supported the digital campaign of Youth Peace Security to gain the meaningful participation of women and youth in peace processes worldwide. In 2018, she became the first transgender participant in the US Exchange programme, YSEALI Academic Fellows.

An outspoken advocate for the LGBTIQ+ community, she now runs her own community in Chiang Mai, Thailand, Young Pride Club, which is a safe learning community for young people interested in gender equality and the LGBTIQ+ community. Established in 2018, the community provides on-the-ground activities and online content to develop leadership and participation in gender equality advocacy. Young Pride Club was also a main organizer of the Chiang Mai Pride 2019-2022 and the 2022 Youth Pride Thailand, the country’s first pride organized by LGBTIQ+ youth for LGBTIQ+ youth. In 2022, it reached over 40,000 followers and developed 50 young leaders across the country.

Recently, Best also became an APCOM Hero Award Honouree (Community Hero) under the theme “Unity & Diversity ” in recognition of her inspiring work.